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Problem 68: (2003 AMC 10B, 19; 2003 AMC12B 16)
Three semicircles of radius $1$ are constructed on diameter $\overline{AB}$ of a semicircle of radius $2$. The centers of the small semicircles divide $\overline{AB}$ into four line segments of equal length, as shown. What is the area of the shaded region that lies within the large semicircle but outside the smaller semicircles? $\textbf{(A) } \pi - \sqrt{3} \qquad$ $\textbf{(B) } \pi - \sqrt{2} \qquad$ $\textbf{(C) } \frac{\pi + \sqrt{2}}{2} \qquad$ $\textbf{(D) } \frac{\pi +\sqrt{3}}{2} \qquad$ $\textbf{(E) } \frac{7}{6}\pi - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$
Solution
Exercise 68: Solution
Let $r=\sqrt{2-\sqrt2}$. A large semicircle of radius $1+r$ contains three smaller semicircles on its diameter. The middle semicircle has radius $1$ and is centered at $O$; the other two have radius $r$ and are centered at the endpoints $C$ and $F$ of the diameter of the unit circle centered at $O$, as shown. What is the area inside the large semicircle and outside the three smaller semicircles?
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